Not a progressive environment, ideas and ethics are about 30 years old, including management & business.
Political, both at the world level and internally. You will need to understand how to 'play the game'. You will need to be comfortable that some appointees will move into certain positions.
Most people have been employed for more than a decade, so will act more casually than in the private sector with one another for better and worse.
Advancement, when possible, is very slow. The job is measured in decades rather than years. This can be good for those that want to escape the continuous learning race that occurs in the public sector.
Two month notice of resignation. Can make it difficult to transition out again.
Systems range from paper to 90's and 2000's internally built programs. Appreciation for modern programs and systems is mixed.
Glass ceiling for women as well as by level of education. Despite the low bar for entry, applicants should apply to any position with a bachelor's in hand, at least, or mobility is affected down the line, and is sometimes exacerbated informally by gender.
Increased temporary positions mean it can be hard to secure the benefits that make the workplace stand out. You may have to spend 1-3 years in contract positions to get at the stability it can offer.
Unequal maternity leave. Must use 7 sick days for all types of leave: family days, bereavement. This can harm working parents (especially single parents) disproportionately. No official work from home policies.
Can be more difficult to be hired as a Professional if Canadian.